Downloads during power nap only supported from Apps Available via the Mac App Store. You can use Power Nap on these Mac models. MacBook (Early 2015 and later) MacBook Air (Late 2010 and later) Requires OS X Mountain Lion v10.8.2 and later; MacBook Pro (all models with Retina display) Mac mini (Late 2012 and later) iMac (Late 2012 and later) Mac. UPDATE: macOS High Sierra has been released. Check out how to get macOS High Sierra from outside the Mac App Store. This happens primarily because of the high volume of traffic hitting the Apple servers, which causes congestion in the network. And the situation would probably remain the same, at least for the first few days.
Each user’s default and other settings are stored in three main locations:
- those for individual apps are kept in their preference files, XML property lists which you should find in ~/Library/Preferences, or /Library/Preferences for those which apply to all users;
- those for controls within components of macOS are most commonly kept in individual preference files, many of which I have listed in this article;
- global settings may not appear in user-accessible preferences, and their only access may be through the
defaults
command, or utilities such as MacPilot, TinkerTool, etc.
Changing those settings is not simple, as I have explained here. The most robust and universal ways are to use the app’s own controls or those provided in panes in System Preferences and elsewhere, as appropriate, or to use the
defaults
command in Terminal.Knowing which settings you can change is usually not a problem for those which are stored in accessible property lists and other files, as you can view those files readily, even if editing them directly would not be a wise move. They are not, of course, comprehensive: if an app is still using an internally-set default, that may not have been written to the file, but there is no more general way of discovering exactly what can be set.
Global settings are the biggest problem. Apple doesn’t document them, and using the
defaults
command you can only see those which have been formally set. Here is a partial list of those known in recent versions of macOS, which may work in Sierra and High Sierra:- Apps, disable App Nap for all apps
NSAppSleepDisabled -bool true
- Apps, disable automatic termination of inactive apps
NSDisableAutomaticTermination -bool true
- Displays, enable subpixel font rendering on non-Apple LCDs
AppleFontSmoothing -int 2
or 1 - File save, expand save panel by default
NSNavPanelExpandedStateForSaveMode -bool true
andNSNavPanelExpandedStateForSaveMode2 -bool true
- File save, save to disk by default rather than to iCloud
NSDocumentSaveNewDocumentsToCloud -bool false
- Finder, show all filename extensions
AppleShowAllExtensions -bool true
- Interface, action on double-clicking window
AppleActionOnDoubleClick -string 'Maximize'
- Interface, always show scrollbars
AppleShowScrollBars -string 'WhenScrolling'
or'Automatic'
or'Always'
- Interface, close always confirms changes
NSCloseAlwaysConfirmsChanges -bool true
- Interface, disable ‘natural’ scrolling
com.apple.swipescrolldirection -bool false
- Interface, disable menu bar transparency
AppleEnableMenuBarTransparency -bool false
- Interface, disable opening and closing window animations
NSAutomaticWindowAnimationsEnabled -bool false
- Interface, disable scroller navigation with mouse swipe
AppleEnableMouseSwipeNavigateWithScrolls -bool false
- Interface, disable smooth scrolling
NSScrollAnimationEnabled -bool false
- Interface, disable the over-the-top focus ring animation
NSUseAnimatedFocusRing -bool false
- Interface, enable full keyboard access for all controls
AppleKeyboardUIMode -int 3
normal2
- Interface, enable spring-loading for directories
com.apple.springing.enabled -bool true
- Interface, increase window resize speed for Cocoa applications
NSWindowResizeTime -float 0.001
- Interface, miniaturise on double-click
AppleMiniaturizeOnDoubleClick -bool true
- Interface, quit always saves windows
NSQuitAlwaysKeepsWindows -bool true
- Interface, remove the spring loading delay for directories
com.apple.springing.delay -float 0 standard 0.5
- Interface, set highlight colour to green
AppleHighlightColor -string '0.764700 0.976500 0.568600'
- Interface, set sidebar icon size to medium
NSTableViewDefaultSizeMode -int 2
- Interface, table view default size
NSTableViewDefaultSizeMode -int 2
- Keyboard, disable press-and-hold for keys in favor of key repeat
ApplePressAndHoldEnabled -bool false
- Keyboard, set a shorter delay until key repeat
InitialKeyRepeat -int 12
normal68
- Keyboard, set a very fast keyboard repeat rate
KeyRepeat -int 1
normal6
- Localisation, set locale
AppleLocale -string 'en_GB@currency=EUR'
, or'en_GB'
, or'en_US'
etc. - Localisation, set measurement units
AppleMeasurementUnits -string 'Centimeters'
or'Inches'
- Localisation, set metric units
AppleMetricUnits -bool true
- Localisation, set temperature units
AppleTemperatureUnit -string 'Celsius'
- Print, expand print panel by default
PMPrintingExpandedStateForPrint -bool true
andPMPrintingExpandedStateForPrint2 -bool true
- Sound, disable flash with system beep
com.apple.sound.beep.flash -bool false
- Sound, set system beep sound
com.apple.sound.beep.sound -string '/System/Library/Sounds/Sosumi.aiff'
- Text, disable auto-correct
NSAutomaticSpellingCorrectionEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable automatic capitalisation
NSAutomaticCapitalizationEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable automatic period substitution
NSAutomaticPeriodSubstitutionEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable automatic text completion
NSAutomaticTextCompletionEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable smart dashes
NSAutomaticDashSubstitutionEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable smart quotes
NSAutomaticQuoteSubstitutionEnabled -bool false
- Text, disable web automatic spelling correction
WebAutomaticSpellingCorrectionEnabled -bool false
- Text, display ASCII control characters using caret notation in standard text views
NSTextShowsControlCharacters -bool true
- Text, spell checker automatically identifies languages
NSSpellCheckerAutomaticallyIdentifiesLanguages -bool true
- Trackpad, enable Force Click
com.apple.trackpad.forceClick -bool true
- Trackpad, scaling factor
com.apple.trackpad.scaling -float 1.5
- Web views, add a contextual menu item for showing the Web Inspector
WebKitDeveloperExtras -bool true
To change any of these in Terminal, type a command of the form
where
defaults write -g settingnametypevalue
where
settingname
is the name of the setting given above, like WebKitDeveloperExtras
, type
is the type option such as -bool
, and value
is the value to set it to, such as true
.When set, check the setting by reading it, using a command of the form
which should return the setting which you have just made.
defaults read -g settingname
which should return the setting which you have just made.
So, to set the temperature units to Celsius, first type
then check the setting with
defaults write -g AppleTemperatureUnit -string 'Celsius'
then check the setting with
defaults read -g AppleTemperatureUnit
Returning any of these to their default setting is just a matter of writing the default value. Apple changes these without warning, sometimes in minor updates to macOS: they can come and go, and may stop working for no apparent reason.
Some settings take immediate effect. Most require the affected apps etc. Disable apple mail. to be restarted, for example the Finder to be reloaded. A few may require you to log out and back in, or restart, before they work. Others may only apply until you next start your Mac up, when you will need to set them again.
The global defaults also contain some potentially useful information, such as defining whether a FaceTime camera, external USB SuperDrive, or Magic Trackpad are supported:
'Apple Inc. FaceTime HD Camera (Built-in)' -bool true
'Apple Inc. MacBook Air SuperDrive' -bool true
'Apple Inc. Magic Trackpad 2' -bool true
They contain the list of recent locations to use in file save and open dialogs, listed under
and you can then open DefaultsGlobal.txt.
NSNavRecentPlaces
. To save your current global defaults to a text file, use the following in Terminal:touch DefaultsGlobal.txt
defaults read NSGlobalDomain > DefaultsGlobal.txt
and you can then open DefaultsGlobal.txt.
Many of these defaults are listed at Mathias Bynens’ GitHub, from which I have borrowed freely, and I would also like to acknowledge the help of Michael Tsai in compiling them.
Which Mac operating system is the best is a topic of numerous debates among Apple fans.
Since the mission of this blog is to refute myths and legends around Macs, it’s time for me to provide my 2 cents about the issue on hand. While everything below is just my opinion, as a long-time Mac user and veteran software engineer, I hope my opinion worth something.
The best Mac OS version is the one that your Mac is eligible to upgrade to. In 2020 it is macOS Big Sur. However, for users that need to run 32-bit apps on Mac, the best macOS is Mojave. Also, older Macs would benefit if upgraded at least to macOS Sierra for which Apple still releases security patches.
How to Tell Which macOS You Are Running
To find out which macOS is currently running on your Mac, follow these steps:
- Click on Apple logo in the top left corner of the menubar
- In the dropdown click on the first item: About This Mac
- The first line in the Overview tab is the name of the current OS.
What Version of OS Can My Mac Run?
Not all Macs can be upgraded to the latest OS version. For instance, old Macs powered by PowerPC CPUs cannot run OS intended for Intel-based computers. Also, some versions have hardware limitations.
For instance, Mojave cannot be installed on MacBook Pro earlier than Mid 2012 model.
Check below to know exactly what version of OS your Mac can run.
Which OS is Best for my Mac
Anytime someone asks me which OS is best for them I always suggested going with the latest. Things have changed recently, however.
Should I Upgrade to macOS Catalina or Big Sur?
While personally I like macOS Big Sur and have it installed on my MacBook Pro, it comes with serious breaking changes. If you have old 32-bit apps, they will not run in the new OS.
macOS Catalina and Big Sur can only run 64-bit apps.
If you wondering whether you should upgrade to macOS Catalina or Big Sur, first verify that you don’t have any 32-bit apps. But first, take a back up, so you can go back in case something breaks after the upgrade.
For instance, I had to remove uTorrent after upgrade. And I didn’t know that uTorrent is 32-bit!
How to Know If App is 32-bit or 64-bit
To find out whether the app on your Mac is 32-bit or 64-bit follow these steps:
- Click on Apple logo in the top left corner of the Mac screen
- Click on About This Mac option
- Click on System Report button in Overview tab (first one)
- Scroll down to Software -> Applications
- Find the app and check Kind
Which macOS Should I Use
If you have an older Mac which is not eligible to upgrade with some latest software or hardware, I’d suggest upgrading at least to Sierra (or better High Sierra) for the following reasons:
- Sierra is still supported by Apple, and it gets security updates
- APFS file system is available
- It supports Siri
- Significant security improvements
The most important point when choosing the best OS is the ability to get security updates. While Apple generally does not announce the OS end of life dates, it is possible to know when they stop releasing security updates from this page.
For instance, according to the page, the last security update for OS X Yosemite was released on September 12, 2017. The last update for OS X El Capitan was in July 2018, and Carnegie Mellon University confirmed that El Capitan’s end of life date was August 2018.
Snow Leopard Myth
I know that some users on forums believe that the best OS version for Macs was Snow Leopard. But that is a myth. And I know how such myths get created.
Once I worked in the company, which was selling a 20-year old product. And customers were still using and didn’t want to switch to new versions, because the old one was rock solid.
I then talked to the engineer who worked on the project, and he revealed that the product was a total disaster when it was first deployed. Engineers had to work on-site for almost a year in order to fix all bugs.
After five or so years of polishing the product, it becomes virtually bug-free, and nobody now remembers how bad it was when it was first rolled out. A similar thing happened Snow Leopard, and it was recognized as best mac os version after some time.
How to Update to the Latest Version
Macos Sierra App Store Link
There are two ways to update to the latest OS version on Mac: https://loungenew790.weebly.com/blog/app-roku-para-mac.
- From the Software Update section in System Preferences
- Use a download link
Using Software Update
This is by far the best option, but it only available if you have Yosemite, or later OS installed already. If you enabled automatic updates, then Mac will inform you that the next macOS is available.
Just open System Preferences, go to Software Update and click on the Upgrade Now button.
This method is also best if wondering how to check if you have the latest version of OS installed on your Mac. Only the version compatible with your hardware will appear here.
For instance, my the latest version for Mac Mini 2012 is Mojave, I can’t install anything newer than that.
Using download links
For older systems or in case you need to downgrade, you have to download a standalone installer in DMG format. DMG stands for disk image, similar to ISO, just different formats.
After downloading the installer, just double click on it and follow instructions. Again, do not forget to take a backup before the upgrade.
Mac OS Comparisons: Requirements, Features, Compatibility, Download Links
Following is a high-level description of all Mac operating systems as early as Mountain Lion.
How to uninstall fitbit app on mac. You can refer to those descriptions when deciding which operating system is best for your iMac, Mac Pro, Mac mini, or MacBook.
With each OS description, I included a list of Macs supported. However, you can use Mac OS compatibility checker for more detailed information.
macOS 11 Big Sur
macOS v11 (codename Big Sur) is the latest version of the operating system for Apple computers.
Release date: October 13, 2020
Hardware Requirements: RAM requirement 4GB. Big Sur is the first OS to support new Macs using ARM technology (in the future).
Features
- The biggest design refresh since macOS X.
- Support for new ARM processors.
- Safar improved performance and power consumption.
- Time Machine supports backup to APFS volumes.
- One-click translation for 7 languages.
- Redesigned maps
Software Compatibility Issues
Only 64-bit apps are allowed to run on Big Sur.
How to install
There are two ways to install Big Sur: enable automatic updates in System Preferences or download by using the following link.
List of Apple computers compatible with macOS Big Sur
- MacBook (2015 and later)
- MacBook Air (2013 and later)
- MacBook Pro (2013 and later)
- Mac mini (2014 and later)
- iMac models (2014 and later)
- iMac Pro (2017 and later)
- Mac Pro (2013 and later)
macOS 10.15 Catalina
Release date: October 7, 2019
Hardware Requirements: RAM requirement increased from 2GB to 4GB.
Features
- Introduced Sidecar, which allows for Macs to use an iPad as an external display.
- iTunes was replaced by separate apps: Music, Podcasts, and TV.
- Find My Mac and Find My Friends have merged into one app.
Software Compatibility Issues
macOS Catalina is the first Mac operating system that does not support 32-bit applications. Only 64-bit apps are allowed to run on Catalina.
How to install
There are two ways to install Catalina: enable automatic updates in System Preferences or download by using the following link.
List of Apple computers compatible with macOS Catalina
- MacBook (Early 2015 or later)
- MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later)
- MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later)
- Mac mini (Late 2012 or later)
- iMac models (Late 2012 or later)
- iMac Pro (All models)
- Mac Pro (Late 2013)
macOS 10.14 Mojave
Release date: September 24, 2018
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 18.5GB free space on disk
![Macos Sierra App Nap Macos Sierra App Nap](/uploads/1/3/4/0/134071071/456040260.png)
Features
- The main feature of Mojave is “Dark Mode”
- FaceTime adds group feature which allows chatting with up to 32 people
- News, Stocks, Voice Memos, and Home apps were ported from iOS to Mac.
How to install
If your Mac is eligible to update to Mojave, then the easiest way to install it is by enabling automatic updates. Downloading a standalone Mojave installer could be a little tricky.
List of Apple computers compatible with macOS Mojave
- MacBook (Early 2015 or later)
- MacBook Air (Mid 2012 or later)
- MacBook Pro (Mid 2012 or later)
- Mac mini (Late 2012 or later)
- iMac (Late 2012 or later)
- iMac Pro (All models)
- Mac Pro (Late 2013 and 2010-2012 models with upgraded GPU)
macOS 10.13 High Sierra
Release date: September 25, 2017
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 14.3GB free space on disk
Features
- APFS (Apple File System) becomes the default file system in High Sierra. It’s a significant upgrade from the older HFS+ in terms of speed, size, and security
- iCloud support of Messages which allows sync messages of the account across multiple devices
- Mail app uses 35% less storage space due to optimizations
List of Apple computers compatible with macOS High Sierra
- MacBook (Late 2009 or newer)
- MacBook Pro (Mid 2010 or newer)
- MacBook Air (Late 2010 or newer)
- Mac mini (Mid 2010 or newer)
- iMac (Late 2009 or newer)
- Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or newer)
How to install
Here is a High Sierra download link.
macOS 10.12 Sierra
This is the first macOS version. Previous OS versions for Macs were called OS X (X stands for 10).
Release date: September 20, 2016
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 8GB free space on disk
Features
- Siri was introduced to Macs
- Optimized storage with iCloud sync
- Auto-lock feature allows unlocking MacBook with paired Apple Watch
- APFS preview available
- Disk Utility can manage RAID sets again
- Significant security improvements
How to install
Here is a Sierra download link.
List of Apple computers compatible with macOS Sierra
- MacBook (Late 2009 or newer)
- MacBook Pro (Mid 2010 or newer)
- MacBook Air (Late 2010 or newer)
- Mac mini (Mid 2010 or newer)
- iMac (Late 2009 or newer)
- Mac Pro (Mid 2010 or newer)
OS X 10.11 El Capitan
Last OS X version.
Release date: September 30, 2015
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 8GB free space on disk
Features
- System Integrity Protection – a security feature that protects even when the root user executes the process
- Performance improvements: open PDF files four times faster, Mail is twice faster, launching apps 40% faster
- Notes app similar to the app in iOS
Macs compatible with OS X El Capitan
same as OS Mountain Lion.
How to install
Here is El Capitan download link.
OS X 10.10 Yosemite
Release date: October 16, 2014
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 8GB free space on disk
Macs compatible with OS X Yosemite
Same as OS Mountain Lion.
Features
- Major user design overhaul
- Introduction of Handoff and Continuity features
- Photos app replaced iPhoto and Aperture
Macos Sierra App Nap Instructions
How to install
Here is Yosemite download link.
OS X 10.9 Mavericks
First free Mac OS. Previous OS versions vary from $19.99 to $129.
Release date: October 22, 2013
Hardware Requirements: 2GB RAM and 8GB free space on disk
Features
- Compressed Memory feature automatically compresses inactive apps when approaching maximum memory capacity
- Timer coalescing is a feature that reduces CPU usage by up to 72 percent
- App Nap puts apps that are not currently visible to sleep
Macs compatible with OS X Mavericks
Same as OS Mountain Lion.
How to install
OS X Mavericks installer is not available on Apple Site. Follow instructions here to install Mavericks.
OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
Must be purchased. Fixed many bugs introduced in OS X Lion.
Release date: July 25, 2012
System Requirements: 2GB RAM and 8GB free space on disk
Features
- New apps: Notification Center, Notes, Messages, Game Center
- AirPlay mirroring allowed to mirror Mac screen to Apple TV
- Application updates automatically install from the App Store
List of Apple computers compatible with OS X Mountain Lion
- iMac (Mid-2007 or newer)
- MacBook (Late 2008 Aluminum, or Early 2009 or newer)
- MacBook Air (Late 2008 or newer)
- MacBook Pro (Mid/Late 2007 or newer)
- Mac mini (Early 2009 or newer)
- Mac Pro (Early 2008 or newer)
- Xserve (Early 2009)
How to install
Mountain Lion installer is not available on Apple Site. Follow instructions here to install OS X Mountain Lion.
List of older Mac OS Versions
Following Mac OS versions are still running on older Macs, but Apple does not support them anymore, and there is no point to upgrade (or downgrade) to them:
- OS X 10.7 Lion
- OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
- Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
- Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
- Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
- Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
- Mac OS X 10.1 Puma
- Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah